Before a blood test, you must learn a set of rules, compliance with which is impossible without
accurate result.
Advises the physician of laboratory diagnostics, "Independent Laboratory INVITRO" Moscow Alla N. Mikhailova.
- The maximum fine result of the research depends on the level of laboratory where the analysis and on the readiness of the patients themselves. Currently, laboratory doctors prepared specific recommendations for the development that took into account the requirements of international protocols in the field of laboratory diagnostics and European companies - manufacturers of automated laboratory equipment.
Why from a vein?
Take blood from a finger, of course, not so scary and not so painful. But most of all for laboratory brand name viagra testing is taking venous blood. The exception is a narrow range of clinical tests, such as complete blood count. If you need to biochemical research or to determine levels of hormones, it would take at least 2 ml of blood, and this number can be typed only from a vein. Sometimes allowed to draw blood from a finger for a general analysis of the children.
Before or after eating?
Some studies require prior preparation - in particular, restrictions in food intake. Strictly Fasting
operates:
Biochemical studies:
Glucose
Creatinine
Bilirubin
Triglycerides
Lipid profile
Blood test for infection:
Syphilis
Hepatitis B antigen
Hormones:
TSH
Parathyroid hormone.
Carefully follow the physician's recommendation: if you want to donate blood on an empty stomach, then between the last meal and blood samples must be not less than 8 hours, and for triglycerides - at least 12 hours. Juice, tea, coffee, especially with sugar - the same meal, so you have to suffer. You can drink only water. For one or two days before the survey is desirable to exclude from the diet fatty, fried foods and alcohol. If held on the eve of an abundant feast - drag the laboratory study of a day or two, and one hour prior to blood collection refrain from smoking. If you have to take the CBC, the last meal should be no earlier than one hour before the procedure and may consist of unsweetened tea, oatmeal - no sugar, milk and butter. Donate blood for antibodies to HIV, viral hepatitis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and certain other infections can be morning, afternoon or evening, and without prior fasting. And one more thing. The content of many of the indicators of blood exposed to daily - the so-called circadian - fluctuations. Therefore, blood for determination of TSH, PTH, and the iron hand over an empty stomach, is strictly before 10 am. Overall, the study hormone concentrations desirable always at the same time - in this case, a comparative analysis of the results would be more correct.
Do not over
Found that on some indices of blood rather sizeable impact may have physical and emotional burden. This can be brisk walking, running, intense climbing stairs. On the analysis may affect even the fear of the procedure of taking blood. To reduce the negative impact of these factors before the procedure recommended 10-15 minutes of rest in the waiting room and calm down.
Tablets are contraindicated
Medication, for example antibiotics or chemotherapeutic agents, may also affect the outcome of the analysis. Therefore, blood must pass Viagra two-chamber vessel before they receive or not earlier than 10-14 days after their cancellation. The only exceptions are cases when they want to measure the concentration of drug in the blood. If you are taking any medications, be sure to notify your physician and procedural nurse. Blood will not be handed over immediately after the radiography, rectal examination, or physiotherapy.
If the result is negative
In the study of blood for infections should be aware that depending on the period of infection and the immune system of any human being can be a negative result. Nevertheless, it does not completely rule out infection. In doubtful cases it is advisable to conduct follow-up study - after a while. But no sooner than 3-4 weeks.
"Women's" analysis
It is a hormone studies in women the so-called reproductive age - from 12-13 years and menopause. During this period, the results of the analysis affect the physiological factors associated with the stage of the menstrual cycle. When conducting research on sex hormones strictly adhere to the recommendations of your doctor. If there are no other recommendations, as a rule, the blood to determine the level of FSH and LH for rent at 4-6-day menstrual cycle. A blood test to assess the level of estradiol and progesterone - by 21-23-day cycle.
Is anonymity?
Yes, in many laboratories may conduct an anonymous survey. But if you want the official result, confirmed by documents, bring your passport. Notice that the anonymous tests are not accepted in the following cases:
during hospitalization
OVIR
embassies.
Types of analysis
Accurate picture of the health status allow us to obtain laboratory tests conducted on a regular basis. Up to 30-40 years for this procedure should be used annually, and over 40 - once every six months. In most major laboratories, including "Invitro", you can offer a minimum set of annual preventive examination: l blood chemistry. Determined on 11 core indicators and describes the state of the liver, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Helps in the diagnosis of anemia, diabetes, atherosclerosis, heart attacks, strokes, chronic inflammation, as well as conditions associated with loss of protein and its redistribution as a result of edema; l common blood and urine tests, determination of C-reactive protein. These tests show the presence or absence of inflammatory processes in the body; l diagnosis of the most dangerous infections. These include syphilis, hepatitis B and C. If at least one of the indicators deviate from the normal range - it is an occasion to refer to a doctor and conduct additional laboratory diagnostics.
Finally, some tips
Once the necessary amount of blood typed into the tube, bend your elbow and hold it down for at least 5 minutes - to reduce the probability of a hematoma at the puncture veins;
if on the date of analysis you are experiencing dizziness, weakness, sensation of presyncope, warn in advance procedural sister, and the blood you take in a prone position;
if you do not tolerate the sight of blood during the procedure, turn away.
Curious fact
No more than 10 minutes is required to conduct a general analysis of blood using a new instrument developed in the Radio Engineering Institute. Academician Mints.
It automatically calculates the concentration of red cells, white cells and platelets, and enter the results in memory. In addition, the new device automatically calculates the blood leukocyte counts, estimates the size distribution of red blood cells, white cells and platelets, determines the average hemoglobin content. And, finally, distinguishes normal and abnormal forms of red and white blood cells, which in itself helps to identify a range of diseases. Complete analog device in the world does not exist.
miércoles, 29 de diciembre de 2010
lunes, 27 de diciembre de 2010
Rash
All we get sick. Often or seldom easy or hard, but the sick. Banal truth, but so is the way people - inside or something breaks, or outside someone pounces. Those who throw themselves often possible to identify a person - dogs, for example, or bored in a dark alley young people. The latter, often, leave footprints on our body in the form of bruises and bites, that is, of course, the existence of clouds, since the spoils our beauty and prevents the productive interaction with the opposite sex.
However, it also happens: seemingly no one will touch, and look in the mirror and your hair stand on end - the whole of some spotted or bubbles here and there povskakivali. Nightmare!
Sense described above is familiar to almost every adult, especially when you brand name viagra consider that when these spots or blisters appear not from him, and the child - that a nightmare is not smaller.
Suddenly, a variety of emerging change in the skin doctors call a rash. There are dozens of diseases in which the rash is always, and a few hundred, at which it can be. The vast majority of these diseases is not terrible, but there are very (!) Dangerous, so that with the rash have to be careful.
To begin, we note that there are three groups of diseases in which skin lesions may appear:
1.Infectious diseases.
2.Allergic diseases.
3.Diseases of blood and blood vessels.
Let us examine them in detail.
Infectious diseases - the most common cause of rash, and make sure that the cause of the rash is an infection, usually a snap. In fact, apart from a rash, have to be other signs of infectious disease - contact with infectious patients, an acute onset, fever, loss of appetite, chills, something aches (neck, head, abdomen), or something napuhlo or runny nose or cough, or diarrhea, or ...
Rash in diseases that are caused by viruses - measles, rubella, chicken pox - are the most common, but there are many others with terrible names - herpetic infection, infectious mononucleosis, infectious erythema, etc. A feature of all these viagra dose usage and myths diseases is the almost complete lack of principally to help the patient, as effective ways to combat viruses have not yet been invented. But none of this is not especially sad - the human body within one to two weeks with the virus handles himself. True, on one condition - that the child's body. And measles, and rubella, and chickenpox in adults occur quite difficult and often accompanied by complications. Hence, incidentally, a very useful conclusion about the benefits of attending preschool institutions, in order to get sick time than normal.
Cause of infectious rashes may be bacteria. With them, on the one hand, it is easier - there are anti-bacterial drugs (antibiotics, sulfonamides) that can help the ill. But on the other hand, the disease itself can be quite serious, when a rash - so, a trifle compared with the rest.
The most common bacterial infection with a rash - scarlet fever, but on everyone's lips many other diseases, in which sometimes a rash - typhoid and typhus, syphilis, meningitis, staphylococcal infection (a list, unfortunately, is far from complete).
Rash as a manifestation of an allergy - not unusual (to put it mildly). Thoughts on the nature of allergic disease in general and in particular a rash occur, usually when, firstly, there is no sign of infection - ie, not particularly disturbed general condition, normal temperature, not lost his appetite and, secondly, is on what sin - ie, the public is exposed to something (someone) who could be a source of allergy. That something could be eaten (citrus, chocolate, tablets), is that something could be pricked (medicine), this could take a breath (painted, sprinkled, anointed), to rub it could (cats, dogs, mats, Wear, "good" or painted in something "good" laundered).
Of these it is easy to conclude that there are four main options for allergies - food, drug, respiratory (respiratory) and contact. Probable cause is not always obvious, and her search often turns up, the patient and his relatives in the true followers of Sherlock Holmes.
Rash when we have mentioned diseases and blood vessels, occurs for two main reasons.
1.Reducing the number or disrupts the special blood cells - platelets, which are actively involved in blood clotting (often congenital).
2.Violation of vascular permeability. Rash of these diseases has the form of major or minor bleeding, its emergence triggered by trauma or other diseases - such as the temperature increases with common cold.
Of these it is easy to draw a conclusion: clearly identify the cause of the rash is not always possible. For example, a sick man with pneumonia. Pricked penicillin - a rash. That is, the cause of the disease - an infection and cause a rash - allergy.
And now the results, conclusions, and yet something which useful information.
1.The most horrible rash occurs when the so-called meningococcal disease. Meningococcus - a microbe, which most often causes meningitis, but other than meningitis, it can cause blood poisoning, a condition doctors call meningococcemia. With meningococcemia from the time the rash appears until the death of a person can take less than a day, but with timely treatment the chances of rescue - 80-90%. It is in this context, really, really ask you: any rash necessarily Show your doctor, and the sooner the better. If the rash is accompanied by vomiting and fever, rash and the elements have the form of bleeding - use all (!) Capabilities to deliver as quickly as possible to the infectious sick (or at least to the nearest) hospital.
2.Of the three major childhood viral infections with rash (measles, rubella, chicken pox) is the most dangerous - the measles, but the vaccinated children, it either is not observed, or mild. Do not ignore the immunizations!
3.Any patient with a rash should be hidden away from pregnant women, until the doctor did not say that it is not measles (rubella virus is very dangerous to the fetus).
4.If the rash is very, very itchy (especially at night), then you may well be mange. This is not a virus or bacterium, is a mite, which crawls into the skin, occasionally choosing at the surface and leaving the elements of the pair of rash (input and output). Scabies is not shameful disease to a specific person, but shameful for society as a whole. It can pick up in a crowded tram and rail, and ... But you never know where it is now possible to pick up? Here are just a start it is impossible. So if the itching can not sleep - run off in the morning to receive a dermatologist, maybe feel better.
5.Remember that the reason for the rash, usually within, not outside. No blue, green fodder, yodami and potassium permanganate can not help the patient. But if you want it to smear your own, or paint the baby - please just show first the rash the doctor, and only then start to do.
However, it also happens: seemingly no one will touch, and look in the mirror and your hair stand on end - the whole of some spotted or bubbles here and there povskakivali. Nightmare!
Sense described above is familiar to almost every adult, especially when you brand name viagra consider that when these spots or blisters appear not from him, and the child - that a nightmare is not smaller.
Suddenly, a variety of emerging change in the skin doctors call a rash. There are dozens of diseases in which the rash is always, and a few hundred, at which it can be. The vast majority of these diseases is not terrible, but there are very (!) Dangerous, so that with the rash have to be careful.
To begin, we note that there are three groups of diseases in which skin lesions may appear:
1.Infectious diseases.
2.Allergic diseases.
3.Diseases of blood and blood vessels.
Let us examine them in detail.
Infectious diseases - the most common cause of rash, and make sure that the cause of the rash is an infection, usually a snap. In fact, apart from a rash, have to be other signs of infectious disease - contact with infectious patients, an acute onset, fever, loss of appetite, chills, something aches (neck, head, abdomen), or something napuhlo or runny nose or cough, or diarrhea, or ...
Rash in diseases that are caused by viruses - measles, rubella, chicken pox - are the most common, but there are many others with terrible names - herpetic infection, infectious mononucleosis, infectious erythema, etc. A feature of all these viagra dose usage and myths diseases is the almost complete lack of principally to help the patient, as effective ways to combat viruses have not yet been invented. But none of this is not especially sad - the human body within one to two weeks with the virus handles himself. True, on one condition - that the child's body. And measles, and rubella, and chickenpox in adults occur quite difficult and often accompanied by complications. Hence, incidentally, a very useful conclusion about the benefits of attending preschool institutions, in order to get sick time than normal.
Cause of infectious rashes may be bacteria. With them, on the one hand, it is easier - there are anti-bacterial drugs (antibiotics, sulfonamides) that can help the ill. But on the other hand, the disease itself can be quite serious, when a rash - so, a trifle compared with the rest.
The most common bacterial infection with a rash - scarlet fever, but on everyone's lips many other diseases, in which sometimes a rash - typhoid and typhus, syphilis, meningitis, staphylococcal infection (a list, unfortunately, is far from complete).
Rash as a manifestation of an allergy - not unusual (to put it mildly). Thoughts on the nature of allergic disease in general and in particular a rash occur, usually when, firstly, there is no sign of infection - ie, not particularly disturbed general condition, normal temperature, not lost his appetite and, secondly, is on what sin - ie, the public is exposed to something (someone) who could be a source of allergy. That something could be eaten (citrus, chocolate, tablets), is that something could be pricked (medicine), this could take a breath (painted, sprinkled, anointed), to rub it could (cats, dogs, mats, Wear, "good" or painted in something "good" laundered).
Of these it is easy to conclude that there are four main options for allergies - food, drug, respiratory (respiratory) and contact. Probable cause is not always obvious, and her search often turns up, the patient and his relatives in the true followers of Sherlock Holmes.
Rash when we have mentioned diseases and blood vessels, occurs for two main reasons.
1.Reducing the number or disrupts the special blood cells - platelets, which are actively involved in blood clotting (often congenital).
2.Violation of vascular permeability. Rash of these diseases has the form of major or minor bleeding, its emergence triggered by trauma or other diseases - such as the temperature increases with common cold.
Of these it is easy to draw a conclusion: clearly identify the cause of the rash is not always possible. For example, a sick man with pneumonia. Pricked penicillin - a rash. That is, the cause of the disease - an infection and cause a rash - allergy.
And now the results, conclusions, and yet something which useful information.
1.The most horrible rash occurs when the so-called meningococcal disease. Meningococcus - a microbe, which most often causes meningitis, but other than meningitis, it can cause blood poisoning, a condition doctors call meningococcemia. With meningococcemia from the time the rash appears until the death of a person can take less than a day, but with timely treatment the chances of rescue - 80-90%. It is in this context, really, really ask you: any rash necessarily Show your doctor, and the sooner the better. If the rash is accompanied by vomiting and fever, rash and the elements have the form of bleeding - use all (!) Capabilities to deliver as quickly as possible to the infectious sick (or at least to the nearest) hospital.
2.Of the three major childhood viral infections with rash (measles, rubella, chicken pox) is the most dangerous - the measles, but the vaccinated children, it either is not observed, or mild. Do not ignore the immunizations!
3.Any patient with a rash should be hidden away from pregnant women, until the doctor did not say that it is not measles (rubella virus is very dangerous to the fetus).
4.If the rash is very, very itchy (especially at night), then you may well be mange. This is not a virus or bacterium, is a mite, which crawls into the skin, occasionally choosing at the surface and leaving the elements of the pair of rash (input and output). Scabies is not shameful disease to a specific person, but shameful for society as a whole. It can pick up in a crowded tram and rail, and ... But you never know where it is now possible to pick up? Here are just a start it is impossible. So if the itching can not sleep - run off in the morning to receive a dermatologist, maybe feel better.
5.Remember that the reason for the rash, usually within, not outside. No blue, green fodder, yodami and potassium permanganate can not help the patient. But if you want it to smear your own, or paint the baby - please just show first the rash the doctor, and only then start to do.
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